Winners of the Nobel Medicine Prize
2006=Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA.2005=Barry J. Marshall and Robin Warren for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
2004=Linda B. Buck and Richard Axel for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system.
2003=Paul Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging.
2002=Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston for the discovery of cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase, central molecules in the regulation of the cell cycle.
2001=Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt and Paul M. Nurse for their discoveries of "key regulators of the cell cycle."
2000=Arvid Carlsson (Sweden), Paul Greengard, and Eric Kandel (both U.S.) for discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system
1999=Günter Blobel (Germany and U.S.), for discovering that proteins have signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell
1998=Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad (all U.S.), for discovering that nitric oxide acts as a signal in the cardiovascular system
1997=Stanley B. Prusiner (U.S.), for discovery of a new type of germ, called prions, that causes degenerative brain disorders
1996=Peter C. Doherty (Australia) and Rolf M. Zinkernagel (Switzerland), for discoveries about how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells
1995=Edward B. Lewis, Eric F. Wieschaus (both U.S.), and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (Germany), for studies of the fruit fly that will help explain congenital malformations in humans
1994=Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell (both U.S.), for discovery of G-proteins that help cells respond to outside signals
1993=Phillip A. Sharp (U.S.) and Richard J. Roberts (U.K.), for their independent discovery in 1977 of “split genes”
1992=Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs (both U.S.), for their discovery of a regulatory mechanism affecting almost all cells
1991=Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann (both Germany), for their research, particularly for the development of a technique called patch clamp
1990=Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas (both U.S.), for their pioneering work in transplants
1989=J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus (both U.S.), for their unifying theory of cancer development
1988=Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings (both U.S.), and Sir James Black (U.K.), for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment
1987=Susumu Tonegawa (Japan), for his discoveries of how the body can suddenly marshal its immunological defenses against millions of different disease agents that it has never encountered before
1986=Rita Levi-Montalcini (dual U.S./Italy) and Stanley Cohen (U.S.), for their contributions to the understanding of substances that influence cell growth
1985=Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein (both U.S.), for their work, which has drastically widened our understanding of the cholesterol metabolism and increased our possibilities to prevent and treat atherosclerosis and heart attacks
1984=Cesar Milstein (U.K./Argentina), Georges J. F. Kohler (West Germany), and Niels K. Jerne (U.K./Denmark), for their work in immunology
1983=Barbara McClintock (U.S.), for her discovery of mobile genes in the chromosomes of a plant that change the future generations of plants they produce
1982=Sune Bergstrom, Bengt Samuelsson (both Sweden), and John R. Vane (U.K.), for research in prostaglandins, hormonelike substances involved in a wide range of illnesses
1981=Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel (both U.S.), and Torsten N. Wiesel (Sweden), for studies vital to understanding the organization and functioning of the brain
1980=Baruj Benacerraf, George D. Snell (both U.S.), and Jean Dausset (France), for discoveries that explain how the structure of cells relates to organ transplants and diseases
1979=Allan McLeod Cormack (U.S.) and Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (U.K.), for developing computed axial tomography (CAT scan) X-ray technique
1978=Daniel Nathans, Hamilton Smith (both U.S.), and Werner Arber (Switzerland), for discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics
1977=Rosalyn S. Yalow, Roger C. L. Guillemin, and Andrew V. Schally (all U.S.), for research in role of hormones in chemistry of the body
1976=Baruch S. Blumberg and D. Carleton Gajdusek (both U.S.), for discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases
1975=David Baltimore, Howard M. Temin, and Renato Dulbecco (all U.S.), for work in interaction between tumor viruses and genetic material of the cell
1974=George E. Palade, Christian de Duve (both U.S.), and Albert Claude (Belgium), for contributions to understanding inner workings of living cells
1973=Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz (both Austria), and Nikolaas Tinbergen (Netherlands), for their studies of individual and social behavior patterns
1972=Gerald M. Edelman (U.S.), and Rodney R. Porter (U.K.), for research on the chemical structure and nature of antibodies
1971=Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. (U.S.), for research on how hormones work
1970=Julius Axelrod (U.S.), Ulf S. von Euler (Sweden), and Sir Bernard Katz (U.K.), for studies of how nerve impulses are transmitted within the body
1969=Max Delbruck, Alfred D. Hershey, and Salvador E. Luria (all U.S.), for study of mechanism of virus infection in living cells
1968=Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, and Marshall W. Nirenberg (all U.S.), for studies of genetic code
1967=Haldan K. Hartline, George Wald, and Ragnar Granit (all U.S.), for work on human eye
1966=Charles Brenton Huggins (U.S.), for studies in hormone treatment of cancer of prostate; Francis Peyton Rous (U.S.), for discovery of tumor-producing viruses
1965=François Jacob, André Lwolff, and Jacques Monod (all France), for study of regulatory activities in body cells
1964=Konrad E. Bloch (U.S.) and Feodor Lynen (Germany), for research on mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty-acid metabolism
1963=Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley (both U.K.), and Sir John Carew Eccles (Australia), for research on nerve cells
1962=James D. Watson (U.S.), Maurice H. F. Wilkins, and Francis H. C. Crick (both U.K.), for determining structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
1961=Georg von Bekesy (U.S.), for discoveries about physical mechanisms of stimulation within cochlea
1960=Sir Macfarlane Burnet (Australia) and Peter Brian Medawar (U.K.), for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance
1959=Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg (both U.S.), for discoveries related to compounds within chromosomes that play a vital role in heredity
1958=Joshua Lederberg (U.S.), for work with genetic mechanisms; George W. Beadie and Edward L. Tatum (both U.S.), for discovering how genes transmit hereditary characteristics
1957=Daniel Bovet (Italy), for development of drugs to relieve allergies and relax muscles during surgery
1956=Dickinson W. Richards, Jr., André F. Cournand (both U.S.), and Werner Forssmann (Germany), for new techniques in treating heart disease
1955=Hugo Theorell (Sweden), for work on oxidation enzymes
1954=John F. Enders, Thomas H. Weller, and Frederick C. Robbins (all U.S.), for work with cultivation of polio virus
1953=Fritz A. Lipmann (Germany-U.S.) and Hans Adolph Krebs (Germany-U.K.), for studies of living cells
1952=Selman A. Waksman (U.S.), for co-discovery of streptomycin
1951=Max Theiler (South Africa), for development of anti-yellow-fever vaccine
1950=Philip S. Hench, Edward C. Kendall (both U.S.), and Tadeus Reichstein (Switzerland), for discoveries about hormones of adrenal cortex
1949=Walter Rudolf Hess (Switzerland), for research on brain control of body; and Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz (Portugal), for development of brain operation
1948=Paul Mueller (Switzerland), for discovery of insect-killing properties of DDT
1947=Carl F. and Gerty T. Cori (U.S.), for work on animal starch metabolism; Bernardo A. Houssay (Argentina), for study of pituitary
1946=Herman J. Muller (U.S.), for hereditary effects of X-rays on genes
1945=Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, and Sir Howard Florey (all U.K.), for discovery of penicillin
1944=Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser (both U.S.), for work on functions of the nerve threads
1943=Henrik Dam (Denmark) and Edward A. Doisy (U.S.), for analysis of vitamin K
1942=None.
1941=None.
1940=None.
1939=Gerhard Domagk (Germany), for antibacterial effect of prontocilate
1938=Corneille Heymans (Belgium), for determining importance of sinus and aorta mechanisms in the regulation of respiration
1937=Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrapolt (Hungary), for discoveries on biological combustion
1936=Sir Henry Dale (U.K.) and Otto Loewi (Germany), for discoveries on chemical transmission of nerve impulses
1935=Hans Spemann (Germany), for discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development
1934=George H. Whipple, George R. Minot, and William P. Murphy (U.S.), for discovery of liver therapy against anemias
1933=Thomas H. Morgan (U.S.), for discoveries on hereditary function of the chromosomes
1932=Sir Charles Sherrington (U.K.) and Edgar D. Adrian (U.S.), for discoveries of the function of the neuron
1931=Otto H. Warburg (Germany), for discovery of the character and mode of action of the respiratory ferment
1930=Karl Landsteiner (U.S.), for discovery of human blood groups
1929=Christiaan Eijkman (Netherlands), for discovery of the antineuritic vitamins; and Sir Frederick Hopkins (U.K.), for discovery of growth-promoting vitamins
1928=Charles Nicolle (France), for work on typhus exanthematicus
1927=Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Austria), for use of malaria inoculation in treatment of dementia paralytica
1926=Johannes Fibiger (Denmark), for discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma
1925=None.
1924=Willem Einthoven (Netherlands), for discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram
1923=Sir Frederick Banting (Canada) and John J. R. Macleod (Scotland), for discovery of insulin
1922=In 1923, the 1922 prize was shared by Archibald V. Hill (U.K.), for discovery relating to heat-production in muscles; and Otto Meyerhof (Germany), for correlation between consumption of oxygen and production of lactic acid in muscles
1921=None.
1920=August Krogh (Denmark), for discovery of regulation of capillaries' motor mechanism
1919=Jules Bordet (Belgium), for discoveries in connection with immunity
1918=None.
1917=None.
1916=None.
1915=None.
1914=Robert Bárány (Austria), for work on physiology and pathology of the vestibular system
1913=Charles Richet (France), for work on anaphylaxy
1912=Alexis Carrel (France), for work on vascular ligature and grafting of blood vessels and organs
1911=Allvar Gullstrand (Sweden), for work on the dioptrics of the eye
1910=Albrecht Kossel (Germany), for achievements in the chemistry of the cell
1909=Theodor Kocher (Switzerland), for work on the thyroid gland
1908=Paul Ehrlich (Germany) and Elie Metchnikoff (U.S.S.R.), for work on immunity
1907=Charles L. A. Laveran (France), for work with protozoa in the generation of disease
1906=Camillo Golgi (Italy) and Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spain), for work on structure of the nervous system
1905=Robert Koch (Germany), for work on tuberculosis
1904=Ivan P. Pavlov (U.S.S.R.), for work on the physiology of digestion
1903=Niels R. Finsen (Denmark), for his treatment of lupus vulgaris with concentrated light rays
1902=Sir Ronald Ross (U.K.), for work on malaria
1901=Emil A. von Behring (Germany), for work on serum therapy against diphtheria
Navigation
- Home
- Nobel Prize Winners
- Videos
- Proxies
- Home Improvement
- Car Games
- Shooting Games
- Arcade Games
- Webmasters
- Automobiles
- Religion
- Science
- Geography
- Famous Pseudonyms
- Writers
Latest Trivia
 |
 |